It will discuss analogs for these effects from other natural hazards with which we have more experience. This paper will review the hazards from an asteroid impact with particular focus on the long term, downwind, downstream, and cascading hazards. The initial effects from an impact within this size range could result in a series of cascading hazards that extends far outside of the initially affected region and could continue to pose a threat to human activity for years. Modern civilization has no collective experience with possible wide-ranging effects from a medium-sized (300 m–1 km) asteroid impactor. Emergency managers, resource managers and planners, and research scientists involved in mitigation and recovery efforts would likely derive significant benefit from a framework linking multiple hazard models to provide a seamless sequence of related forecasts. This paper reviews the initial and cascading effects of these natural hazards, describes the state of the art for modeling these hazards, and discusses the relevance of these hazards to expected long-term effects of an asteroid impact. These events, especially the larger events with cascading effects, are key for understanding the scope and complexity of mitigation, relief, and recovery efforts for a medium-sized asteroid impact event.

However, more common natural disasters, such as volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, wildfires, dust storms, and hurricanes, are likely analogs that can provide the scope and scale of these potential effects. Currently, modeling efforts that predict initial effects from a meteor impact or airburst provide needed information for initial preparation and evacuation plans, but longer-term cascading hazards are not typically considered. Modern civilization has no collective experience with possible wide-ranging effects from a medium-sized asteroid impactor.

Dead space ignition meteor puzzle